南海主要珊瑚礁水域的魚類物種多樣性研究

【Author】 Guobao Chen 1,2,Yongzhen Li 1,Xinjun Chen2 1 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300 2 Ocean College,Shanghai Fisheries University,Shanghai 200090

【機構】 中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究所； 上海水產大學海洋學院 上海200090； 上海水產大學海洋學院； 廣州510300； 上海200090；

【摘要】 根據2004年5-7月和2005年3-4月采用深水三重刺網在南海的羚羊礁、華光礁、銀礫灘、東島、濱湄灘、排洪灘、本固暗沙、比微暗沙、武勇暗沙、海鳩暗沙、雙子群礁、中業群礁、鱟藤礁、美濟礁、仁愛礁、仙賓礁、南方淺灘、棕灘、大淵灘、永署礁、南薰礁、牛軛礁、道明群礁等23座主要珊瑚礁過渡性水域進行的2個航次專業調查資料,分析了南海主要珊瑚礁水域的魚類種類組成和群落特征。結果表明,在珊瑚礁水域軟骨魚類以真鯊目和鲼目的種類數占優勢,硬骨魚類以鱸形目和鲀形目的種類數占優勢。相對重要指數(IRI)大于500的魚類定為優勢種,西沙群島有5種,分別為邁氏條尾魟(Taeniura meyeni)、長吻裸頰鯛(Lethrinus miniatus)、胡椒鯛(Plectorhinchus pictus)、黃斑胡椒鯛(P.flavomaculatus)和灰六鰓鯊(Hexanchus griseus);中沙群島有6種,分別為黃斑胡椒鯛、邁氏條尾魟、圓燕魚(Platax orbicularis)、密斑刺鲀(Dioson hystrix)、紅裸頰鯛(Lethrinus rubrioperculatus)和胡椒鯛;南沙... 更多

【Abstract】 During May to July 2004 and March to April 2005,we carried out two cruise surveys on fish re-sources using trammel net in the adjacent waters of 23 coral reefs of the South China Sea. We analyzed fish species composition and community characteristics. The results showed that Carcharhiniformes and Mylio-batiformes were dominant families of the cartilaginous fishes,while Perciformes and Teraodontiformes were dominant families in the bony fishes. We defined the species with an Index of Relative Importance(IRI) >500 as dominant species. Accordingly,five dominant species were found in Xisha Archipelago waters,namely Taeniura meyeni,Lethrinus miniatus,Plectorhinchus pictus,P. flavomaculatus,and Hexanchus gri-seus. Six dominant species were found in the Zhongsha Archipelago water,namely Plectorhinchus fla-vomaculatus,Taeniura meyeni,Platax orbicularis,Dioson hystrix,Lethrinus rubrioperculatus,and Plec-torhinchus pictus,and the three dominant species were in the Nansha Archipelago water,Carcharhinus lim-batus,Triaenodon obesus,and Caranx stellatus. Since the fish body sizes varied remarkably,we calculated Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index based on both individual number and biomass. The results indicated that fish species diversity in coral reefs water were sig-nificantly different compared with those either in the northern or southwestern continental shelf waters of South China Sea. Fish species in similar habitats had higher similarity.

【關鍵詞】 多樣性； 魚類； 珊瑚礁； 南海； 三重刺網；

【Key words】 diversity； fish； coral reef； South China Sea； trammel net；

【基金】 國家科技基礎條件平臺工作重點項目(2003DEA6N042);廣東省自然科學基金項目(04001263);國家社會公益研究專項項目